The destruction of tribal and traditional western life by modernization spawned groups separated from society. These groups often mobile and reaching into many nations re-emerged in history. They have influenced change in the world and in turn have been affected by the cultures of the world. Gypsies, Bandits, Revolutionaries, Hoboes, Bohemians, Beats and Hippies are subjects of the studies recent and historical forerunners. This study analyzes the cause of these groups rooted in levels of energy consumption, changes in modes of production and modernization that create fertile ground for social change. It reveals links in the chain of changes in society and its institutions that give rise to new emerging groups and beliefs. A 34 nation comparative study was undertaken in 1968. This was a critical year for the evolution of the Hippie Movement and its gradual incorporation into the general culture.
