“Tanakh” or, The Hebrew Bible, which is also sometimes called the Miqra, is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, including the Torah. The form of this text that is authoritative for Rabbinic Judaism is known as the Masoretic Text. The Tanakh consists of twenty-four books: it counts as one book each Samuel, Kings, Chronicles and Ezra–Nehemiah and counts the Twelve Minor Prophets as a single book. The Torah (literally “teaching”), also known as the Pentateuch, or the “Five Books of Moses” is the first part of Tanakh and it contains Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. Nevi'im (Prophets) is the second main division of the Tanakh, between the Torah and Ketuvim. It contains three sub-groups. This division includes the books which cover the time from the entrance of the Israelites into the Land of Israel until the Babylonian captivity of Judah. Ketuvim (Writings) consists of eleven books. They are also divided into three subgroups based on the distinctiveness of Sifrei Emet and Hamesh Megillot.
“Talmud” is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology. The term “Talmud” normally refers to the collection of writings named specifically the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli). It may also traditionally be called Shas, a Hebrew abbreviation of shisha sedarim, or the “six orders” of the Mishnah. The Talmud consists of tractates and contains the teachings and opinions of thousands of rabbis (dating from before the Common Era through to the fifth century) on a variety of subjects, including halakha, Jewish ethics, philosophy, customs, history, and folklore, and many other topics. The Talmud is the basis for all codes of Jewish law and is widely quoted in rabbinic literature.
